How false passport and a weak correlation was hijacked airliner lost to appease home tonight, we gathered in the nation for generations Coulomb land, from the traditional sense that they are the masters of this land. I would like the presence of elders and other community elders helzberg to extend my personal tribute. My name is Simon Lang Flagstaff, I was executive director of the St James Ethics helzberg Centre is pleased helzberg to serve as host of the debate tonight. I want to tell you that in a later session, the audience will have the opportunity to participate in the debate, to express support or opposition to the motion within a minute. Australian Broadcasting Company is the whole shooting this event, then be broadcast on ABC1 and Australian national radio station. Some friends tonight might want to send Twitter (Twitter), if you are in Twitter (Twitter) on the topic of the label is # IQ 2OZ, with this you can see trends in the scene. Now I introduce the basic principle of this debate. Distributed to everyone in the activities of the process can be seen on a single rule profiles, some of which speak only as specified on the process, while others are more important helzberg concept related to the transfer should uphold the spirit. Here we strongly helzberg advocate spoke to a friend of all, the debate can stand firm vehemently, but please respect the human dignity helzberg of others, regardless of the platform or the Friends of the debate audience. The wording can be passionate, but be sure to politely deal with differences.
Debate on the form of a single process has been introduced. Today's debate is "animals should be removed from the menu." I will now introduce each guest, I will introduce in batches, first square, then the anti-side, both introduced after I would ask everyone helzberg to welcome helzberg them. Square is a debate Peter Singer, born in Melbourne, graduated from the University of Melbourne and the University of Oxford. Was at Oxford University, La Trobe University and Monash University. 1999 Human Values at Princeton University Center for Bioethics any Ira de Campo (Ira W.DeCamp) Professor. 2005 Honorary Adjunct helzberg Professor of Philosophy at the University of Melbourne applied ethics and public research centers. To his earliest helzberg known internationally published in 1975 that the epoch-making "Animal Liberation." After that, he wrote many other books, including "Practical Ethics," "expanding circle", "life, how to answer," co-authored with Jim Mason's "eat what ethics", and the recent book "You can save a life."
Is square with him two debates Philip Warren, former vice president of Citibank, specializing in corporate helzberg finance, mergers and acquisitions. One of Australia's 40 top executives at age 34 was named Australian Business Magazine headhunting eyes. But in the age of 40 he witnessed a massive slaughter of animals, which brought him a profound impact. Since then, he decided to use warm hands gave everything he owned to leave this world without money, he said, "but so far, we still break even." Today, he is committed to Save the Children, animals, the environment, terminally ill patients, homeless people and art. He has funded more than 500 humanitarian projects in more than 40 countries, including schools, orphanages, shelters, sanctuaries, clinics and scholarships. He was awarded the Order of Australia, 2007 in Victoria, Australia, was elected Man of the Year.
Square Team last one is Veronica Ridge, "The Age" senior editor, is currently responsible for the Saturday edition of "Life & Style" section. Earlier former "weekly food and wine" column Gourmet editor in 2010, with publication in the "gourmet" on three ethics on diet and eating a future article, she was awarded the French International Media Awards Best Cordon Bleu cuisine Food Reporter Award. She has held several senior editorial positions, involving education, the arts, literature, entertainment, culture, social trends, health and life and property. She holds a Bachelor of Arts Honours helzberg in Journalism at RMIT University, and also studied philosophy, helzberg which I found from talking before, when she and a group of us, a few bars and a French philosopher. She was a proud man in Melbourne, from the initial helzberg intern reporter along the way, she was able to write from a day to find her happiness belongs in the newspaper pages in those between the lines crafted. Everyone welcome them.
Opposition groups led by the Fiona Chambers, a lecturer from Geelong City Marco 斯欧德 Durham Agricultural College. She holds a degree in applied science in agriculture, specializing in animal health, nutrition and animal genetics, animal breeding management currently reading Masters at the University of Sydney. Fiona began in 1990 in Daylesford organic farming, cultivation of Wessex 1995 white shoulder pigs. She is the founding director of the Australian rare species trust fund or international organization of rare species in the world's Board of Directors. She has repeatedly in the domestic session on "sustainable helzberg agriculture" and "farm animal genetic diversity conservation," the theme for the report. In her 20-year career in agriculture has repeatedly various awards and prizes, most recently had the best bacon Melbourne Good Food Guide Awards 2010 and 2011 grant award culinary heritage. She has been selected for the Melbourne Food Hall of Fame.
Bruce McGregor helzberg one in the field of animal production animal scientist of international reputation. Because of community environmental volunteer work was awarded helzberg the Medal of the federal institution for centuries. Bruce working at Deakin University, has published helzberg more than 450 scientific papers, technical and advisory articles, or the international journal "Small ruminant helzberg animal studies," the deputy editor. For interest in geography, history and biodiversity, he visited all over the world traditional animal production systems. Victoria grew up in the countryside experience make him love nature, loves Australian Football, he is a saint Sheng Jida team's fans (* a can and a Chinese men's soccer team comparable). He is involved in many community environmental organizations work, especially ecological restoration and protection projects in Melbourne Merri Creek watershed. Bruce also Oxfam, Australian bush heritage organizations and other long-term supporter of the charity. Last one, but it is equally helzberg important to an Adrian Richardson. Melbourne LaLunaBistro restaurant chef, TV show "good chef bad chef" one of the presenters. For many people, air travel and cuisine are always mutually exclusive, but it led to another Richardson a fate. "In order for me to start flying lessons tuition hotel kitchen in a part-time, but got out of hand, I gave up flying lessons back to school." Since then he been in several of the world's most prestigious kitchen. In a "mixed up in North Africa, the Middle East and Italian cooking style" home grown, creating a family heritage Richardson passion for high quality food, but they can not explain his Hunxing interest because half of all his family strict vegetarians. However, when it comes to meat, Richardson wrote a book: the title is called "literally, it is called meat", came out in 2008 on how to buy meat, meat cooking and provide readers concise and clear guidance. Anti-Fang Jiabin helzberg applauded. Ladies and gentlemen, the subject of this debate is "animals must be removed from the menu." Please Square guests now have heard Peter Singer. Peter Singer:
Thank you. I am honored to represent my team led to the opening. We will come up with convincing arguments helzberg to prove that the animal should be taken off the menu. We will talk about several different aspects. Simply put, we talk about health, talking about how best to utilize our production of food, but also talked about environmental issues. helzberg We will certainly talk about animal ethics. There are, in particular, Veronica Ridge, will speak on the menu does not mean that fewer animals helzberg can not enjoy the taste. So basically these aspects, we will respond to Flagstaff just call Simon Lang, passionate and stand firm. I will focus on these aspects briefly helzberg explained our point of view. I will step by step, that is, the ethical issues into their most important final.
Last week's "Archives of Internal Medicine" published a new study on Harvard. This is one of the largest in the history of research on 100,000 people for as long as 20 years of follow-up survey, but also very time-consuming research items. helzberg Research to focus on the red meat and found that even small amounts of red meat intake may increase the mortality rate from cardiovascular disease and cancer and other diseases caused. Especially colon cancer, we all know that is closely related to the intake of red meat and colon cancer and colorectal cancer. This study shows that even without excessive consumption of red meat also increases the chance helzberg of dying of these diseases. The intake of red meat will increase the risk of diabetes. This is a careful study. I believe that the current evidence is conclusive. There is plenty of evidence of other health issues too late deeply. But in many ways it seems, may indeed be more healthy vegetarians helzberg live longer than omnivores.
Second, the food consumption. We put a huge amount of grain and soybeans to feed livestock, wasting most of the food value of food. According to the different varieties of livestock, breeding only return used in our food consumption value 1/10 to 1/3. Some people worry that biofuels cause food consumption will lead to world food prices, so that the poor can not afford to eat more rice. But in fact, the number of soybean grain used to feed animals are used in the production of biofuels 3-4 times the food. This is a serious problem. There is an annual helzberg 750 million tons of grain and soybeans are used to feed livestock numerous. helzberg You can divide this figure by the number of the world's poor. If we can reasonably allocate these enough food to feed the world's poor. So we are wasting huge amounts of food just to get a lot of animal products, but also at least a portion of these animals fed with grain.
Study: Greenhouse in terms of methane is 25 times the destructive carbon dioxide. This is a 100-year apportionment, because the decomposition of methane helzberg in the atmosphere faster than carbon dioxide. But if you can recognize the urgency of climate change mitigation process can not be in the next 100 years, but have in 20 years, was before Tim Flannery said the "critical point" soon, due to reach the critical point To prevent catastrophic climate on late. So you have to be calculated according to 20 years, methane destruction is the effect of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 72 times. The animals, especially ruminants a lot of methane emissions, leave them on the grass on the environment helzberg than good. Some people may think that let the cows graze in a pasture with more environmentally friendly than feeding grain. Unfortunately, I have to say sorry because free grazing cattle helzberg is a better life, but in terms of climate change, but more bad. Each producing one kilogram helzberg of beef cattle grazing than grain-fed cattle at least more than 50% of the methane emissions. They have to eat more grass, grass ruminant digestion process produces methane, or that they need more grass ruminant digestion to produce 1kg of beef. So now not conducive to production of beef ecological sustainable development, who invented unless something in the digestive process so that no cattle produce methane. All in all, cattle and other ruminants tremendous impact on climate change, beef production is undoubtedly one of the biggest causes.
Finally, I want to talk about 40 years ago, the reason I became helzberg a vegetarian. I think the thing that we can not treat the same treatment as other sentient life, for their own enjoyment and convenience. But essentially in meat production we did. We take away their lives. Treat them with their most convenient way in which factory farming is one of the most notorious example. Confinement of animals, limiting their freedom of movement, just for a little cheaper meat prices. I think this is abuse. This is a species-ism, so that we do not discriminate against helzberg this species carefully consider interests other ethnic groups. I think we have a moral obligation helzberg to consider the interests of equality of all sentient life. I'm not saying that they and we have the same rights, they apparently did not vote, there is no freedom of speech, which did not make sense. But think about the rights they deserve, helzberg free from pain right desire to get the basic survival needs and rights met. I think we should give them the same rights they should have been living, as we will be giving their rights should have been a decent day, which is the commercial meat production will never be able to do. Thank you.
Currently more than 90% for the global livestock production only 15 species of animals, helzberg cows, about 1/3 of the pigs and chickens species have become extinct or are on the verge of extinction. These animals removed from the menu, the causes they become extinct by the endangered species once extinct means forever lost. It will be an ecological disaster and food security system. The irony is that to save these species and species that we have to eat them. This paradox stems from the existence of symbiosis. Symbiosis is different organisms living together, form a close and mutually beneficial relationship. For example, a bee collecting nectar from flowers, and in return, it will bring pollen pollinate other flowers. When an animal to a pile of feces left on the ground, there will be drilled from the ground beetles, helzberg carried away and use the pile of manure.
We really so soon forget the most basic laws of nature yet? Tonight my view is to consider the ecological environment, animals should be left on the menu. At the same time, I oppose "should be taken off the menu animal" proposition. Actually be reversed. Animals are an essential part of agricultural biodiversity, the animals must remain on the menu, there are two main reasons. First, the animal is a global ecosystem helzberg vital link with the environment and the future of our food has a close relationship. Secondly, they all play an important role in the social, cultural and biological levels. I think the core of "animal welfare" helzberg and "animal feelings" is not a debate, the ecological problem is the core, but we are reckless disregard it. Animals must not be the scourge of the ecological environment, they have a lot of role in the ecosystem. In the thousands of years of evolution and governance, diversity of ecosystems, their human partners as playing an important helzberg role. This layer of the core partnership is that they can help us improve the soil. Bacteria live in soil.
In one gram of soil in several billions helzberg of bacteria, among which there are an estimated 60,000 species, most have not yet been named. It is known that some bacteria like nitrogen (nitrogen-fixing bacteria), helzberg they absorb nitrogen from the atmosphere into the plant can absorb nitrogen, or else plant or animal can not absorb nitrogen from the atmosphere. Some bacteria also like methane (methanotrophs), obtaining helzberg methane from the atmosphere is their only source of energy. A recent study by the University of Sydney shows that one hectare of pasture addicted methanogens can absorb methane produced 162 head of cattle. However, on a 162 hectare of land can not support helzberg so many cattle, so the methane helzberg can be neutralized. Some studies drawn decomposition higher than this. So the focus back to how to manage the soil, the environment, ecosystems and during animal.
Also, soil fungi and plant roots symbiotic benefit, provided they absorb carbon plant, but back to the plant nutrients and water, this link also involved animals. Imagine a tree with roots stretching its branches under the ground from the ground up. Animals to come
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